lunes, 23 de abril de 2012

Water: distribution and consumption



The water content of the planet is estimated at 1,300 trillion liters. The majority, 97.47%, the oceans store, the rest is fresh water. Freshwater is a limited resource and its quality is under constant pressure. Drinking water is a scarce commodity in the amount of energy you need to invest in their training. The water of the poles is not directly usable on a large scale, and it is necessary to resort to the aquifer, some of which are fossil, ie, non-renewable, and rivers. Preserving freshwater quality is important for the supply of drinking water or food production. The largest percentage of this water is in ice caps and groundwater.


This amount has been around forever for the Earth, creating and preserving life on it. We currently have the same amount that was given to the dinosaurs 65 million years.


Distribución de recursos hídricos en el mundo

 

The scarcity of fresh water is one of the main environmental problems before we met. Can easily say that we are reaching the limit of extracting fresh water from the surface, but consumption is increasing. However, a major threat is the effect climate change will have on the hydrological cycle and freshwater availability. Basically conditions will worsen the shortage of areas that are already dry (less rain and more evaporation). Currently 20% of the population has no access to water of sufficient quality and 50% lack sanitation. Africa and Western Asia are the areas of greatest deprivation. In simple terms we could say that in the richer countries the water problem especially affects the conservation of nature and the potential for economic growth while in the south, besides all that, the lack of drinking water is the direct cause of disease as diarrhea and cholera kill 15 million children each year.
To ensure our basic needs we need 20 to 50 liters of drinking water free of pollutants per day. A newborn in a developed country consumes an amount of water 30 to 50 times greater than that of a newborn in a developing country.

Distribución de recursos hídricos en Europa

 

The situation of water distribution in Europe is not particularly serious. Water demand is in decline due to improved management, reuse and industrial process changes. There is an abundance of dams and water infrastructure. The biggest problem has always been the industrial pollution of rivers, especially in Central and Eastern European countries. However, it is producing a significant overall improvement, especially in the situation of the rivers, through the treatment plant expansion, tightening control and legislation and the use of structural funds for improvements, infrastructure and environmental research.
Consumo de agua por continentes y sectores

 

The water consumption is carried agricultural bound 70% of fresh water consumed by the use of inappropriate irrigation techniques. Industrial consumption will double in 2050 and rapidly industrializing countries like China will be multiplied by 5. Urban consumption also increases with income per capita, especially in recreational uses (golf courses, parks and gardens, etc.) and from tourism.Worldwide, the global freshwater consumption has multiplied by 6 between 1900 and 1995 while population has only done by 3.
Precio del agua

 

Water has always had a price, since the first settled communities began to control access to strategically placed springs and streams. The creation of cities demanded large expenditures on wells, aqueducts and cisterns. In our era, urban expansion, agricultural and industrial water has turned into something very valuable in many parts of the world. In fact in some countries, water from illegal vendors is over 100 times more expensive than water supplied by the network connection.The "water price" is defined as "the aggregate or marginal users pay for all services related to water (eg wastewater treatment), including the environmental aspect."
Fuente: UNESCO.
Consumo diario doméstico per cápita

 

The volume of water that is spent on household grows from year to year. The installation of economizers and a change of habits are the steps we must take to spend less.
But more important are the differences between consumption across countries. Thus India consumes a total volume of water for domestic use very similar to the average European spends only wash dishes and cook. The authors make accounts' and a country like ours, you might spend only domestic consumption up to 6 times more water than India, but if we also take into account the different populations of both countries the figures are to take their hands head.
 

In Spain, where droughts are becoming increasingly frequent and virulent controversies over the supply and use of water is acute. Nobody seriously facing as vital factors in the shortage of water such as: climate change, lack of forests (Spain has lost more than 4 million hectares in the last decades), pollution of water (about 33,000 cubic hectometres water quality is fair, poor or low and can not be used), losses in the supply and pipes (about 20% of piped water is lost to leakage) wasteful irrigation systems (installation of micro irrigation systems could be reduced by more than 40% - some 10,000 cubic hectometres - water use in agriculture), the excessive consumption of each one of us (after U.S., Russia and Canada are the fourth largest consumer country water in the world, with 1,174 meters cubic per capita and year).

miércoles, 1 de febrero de 2012

About the water.

Water so pure that almost
one does not see
in the water glass.

Of another side
the world is.
Of this side, almost at all...

Such a pure water, so clean
that gives work to look at her.

martes, 31 de enero de 2012

My self.

Hello, I'm Alicia, and I'm 14 years old. I go to Nuestra Señora del Carmen school, in the centre of the town. I'm from Cádiz. Cádiz is a very beautiful city, but it's small. Cádiz has got four beaches and a very nice mall.  I like listening to music, reading and going out with my friends.
I think that this opportunity is a fantastic experience, to learn English, meet new people and, above all, know the importance of water for us.

Clepsidra o reloj de agua.




Los relojes de agua o clepsidras datan de la antigüedad egipcia (mrḫyt) y se usaban especialmente durante la noche, cuando los relojes de sol perdían su utilidad. Los primeros relojes de agua consistieron en una vasija cerámica que contenía agua hasta cierto nivel, con un orificio en la base de un tamaño adecuado para asegurar la salida del líquido a una velocidad determinada y, por lo tanto, en un tiempo prefijado.

Logotipo

martes, 17 de enero de 2012

Participantes.

María Ramírez Castilla:http://mariacomenius.blogspot.com/
Rosana Sevilla Martínez: http://proyectocomenius2011.blogspot.com/
Carmen Suárez Cortés: http://comenius-carmelitas.blogspot.com/
Javier Navas López: http://comenius2011y2012.blogspot.com/
Irene Bablé Marruffi: http://irenecomenius.blogspot.com/
Alicia Jimenez García: http://aguasenelmundo.blogspot.com/
Marta Ayuso Sánchez: http://comeniusayuso.blogspot.com/
Elena Cabaleiro Fernández: http://elena-aguaesvida.blogspot.com/
Carlos García Llamas: http://carlosgarcallamascarmelitas.blogspot.com/
Cristina Herce Amaya: http://aguaparatodoscristina.blogspot.com/
Mº Angeles Nuñez de la Guardia: http://elaguaalgoesencial.blogspot.com/
Laura Gómez Penedo: http://planetaazullgp.blogspot.com/
Lourdes Gómez Ortega: http://http://el-agua-lourdes.blogspot.com/

Planificación viaje Estocolmo.

Preliminary Programme for the Water Project in Huddinge 6th-10th Feb.2012

Monday 6/2Guests arrive, Swedish hosts pick up their guests at central bus
terminalin downtown Stockholm.

Buffet and mingle at Huddingegymnasiet late afternoon.

Tuesday 7/28.00 – 9.00Breakfast at Huddingegymnasiet

9.00-12.00Projectmeeting starts in room M12.
Students present results of their own projectwork, discussion groups.

12.00-13.00Lunch at Huddingegymnasiet

13.00-16.00Guided tour of Huddingegymnasiet, continued project-
work.

Late afternoon/Early evening : Students’ activities : Skating ,Cinema?

Wednesday 8/2 8.00 - 9.00Breakfast at Huddingegymnasiet

Prel. 9.00 We leave school for a study visit

10.30 Study visit at Henriksdalsverket – Henriksdal’s Water
Purification Plant

Lunch in town

14.30 Study visit at the WasaMuséum

From 16.30 Free time (Shopping, Cafées etc.)

                                    Evening activities for guest students organized by Swedish students
Evening meal for teachers

Thursday 9/2       8.00 – 9.00Breakfast at Huddingegymnasiet

Studyvisits at lessons at Huddingegymnasiet for guests,

12.00-13.00Lunch at Huddingegymnasiet

13.00-16.00Planning of future project activities in room M12

                                    16.00-19.00Free time for guests

                                    19.00Buffet dinner at Huddingegymnasiet

Friday 10/2All guests depart, except the Italians.

lunes, 16 de enero de 2012

Cuestinario sobre el agua.

1. Are you aware of polluted rivers or lakes nearby where you live?
    e) Fully aware of polluted rivers/lakes.

2. How important is the connection between polluted rivers/lakes and health?
     e) Very important.

3. What is your attitude towards water consumption/saving water on a daily basis?
     e) Very important.

4.  Can you grade your country's efforts (on a scale from 1-5) as far as "water cleaning" is concerned?
     3) Some efforts in the last few years.

5. a) Do you think that school are doing enough to make people feel responsible and to make them more responsible for the way they handle water?
    Yes.
    b) Do you think that you/your parents pay the right price for water?
    Yes.

Questions with "open answers".

1. Fresh water supplies: Do you know what could happen in the future?
    We will have to purify the water of the sea for the human consumption.

2. Do you see any conection between polluting rivers/lakes and behavior of people?
    Yes, because the people are those who contaminate them spilling residues and garbages to the above mentioned waters.

3. What can be done to avoid further pollution of water?
    To arouse the people and the companies of the problem that supposes the contaminated water, and to increase the fines for contaminating the water.

4. What do you know of  "water problems" in other countries?
    The problems of the water are common in all the countries: pollution, drought …

5. Is it possible to share water supplies (in a general sense) between countries?
    It is possible, but it is very complicated.

6. How does the climate change affect you in your daily life?
    It concerns in the temperature and in the periods of rains, which can be during a season of torrential rains or in other big seasons droughts.